Theory

I found a new theory!!! :) After endless searches for some theory that might be applicable to my dissertation, I came across this Mindfulness Theory by Professor Ellen J. Langer of Harvard University.

This is she.

Langer's Mindfulness Scale (LMS)
Ages: 16 & Up. Time: 3 mins.
Quick self -discovery tool

Improve your mindfulness

Many problems are not solved because people think about them in automatic and habitual ways. This automatic mode of thought, called mindlessness, plays a role in how we think about people. The cost of mindless thinking is significant because it limits our ability to make good decisions, to recognize changes in other people, and to see things from a variety of perspectives.

The LMS is a 21-item questionnaire intended for use as a training, self-discovery, and research instrument. It assesses four domains associated with mindful thinking: novelty-seeking, engagement, novelty producing, and flexibility. An individual who seeks novelty perceives each situation as an opportunity to learn something new. An individual who scores high in engagement is likely to notice more details about his or her specific relationship with the environment. A novelty producing person generates new information in order to learn more about the current situation. Flexible people welcome a changing environment rather than resist it. (To read Langer's books, "Mindfulness" and "The Power of Mindful Thinking, see www.bn.com)

The LMS has been shown to have good test-retest reliability, factor validity, and construct validity.
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References
Langer, E.J. (1997). The Power of Mindful Learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
About the Author
Ellen Langer is Professor of Psychology at Harvard University and the 1988 recipient of the Am. Psych. Assoc. Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest Award